Solar panels, also known as photovoltaic (PV) panels, are devices that convert sunlight into electricity using the photovoltaic effect. They consist of multiple solar cells, which are semiconductor devices that absorb sunlight and generate direct current (DC) electricity.
Each solar cell is typically made from silicon or other semiconductor materials and contains layers of positively and negatively charged semiconductor material. When sunlight strikes the solar cell, it excites electrons in the semiconductor material, creating an imbalance of positive and negative charges and generating an electric current.
Solar cells are connected together and encapsulated within a protective casing to form a solar panel. Multiple solar panels are often combined into larger arrays to generate sufficient electricity for residential, commercial, or utility-scale applications.
Solar panels are typically installed on rooftops, ground-mounted structures, or other suitable locations with access to sunlight. They are oriented and angled to maximize exposure to sunlight throughout the day, optimizing energy production.
Solar panels are a key component of solar energy systems, which harness solar power to generate electricity for various applications, including powering homes, businesses, schools, hospitals, and other facilities. Solar energy is a clean, renewable, and sustainable energy source that helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions, mitigate climate change, and promote energy independence and security.